Terminologia Embryologica

The Terminologia Embryologica (TE) is a standardized list of words used in the description of human embryologic and fetal structures. It was produced by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology on behalf of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists and recently posted it on the Internet.^[1] It has been approved by the General Assembly of the IFAA during the seventeenth International Congress of Anatomy in Cape Town (August 2009).

It is analogous to the Terminologia Anatomica (TA), which standardizes terminology for adult human anatomy and which deals primarily with naked-eye adult antomy. It succeeds the Nomina Embryologica, which was included as a component of the Nomina Anatomica.^[2]^[3]

It was not included in the original version of the TA.^[4]

The Terminologia Embryologica (TE) is a standardized list of words to be used in the description of prenatal human ontogeny, embryologic and fetal structures. It is produced by the Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology.

It is written as a new book from the beginning, and takes into account the TA and the Terminologia Histologica (TH), which was published in 2008. It is planned to be published in 2010.

Codes

e1.0: General terms [1]
e2.0: Ontogeny [2]
e3.0: Embryogeny [3]
e4.0: General histology [4]
e5.0: Bones; Skeletal system [5]
e5.1: Joints; Articular system [6]
e5.2: Muscles; Muscular system [7]
e5.3: Face [8]
e5.4: Alimentary system [9]
e5.5: Respiratory system [10]
e5.6: Urinary system [11]
e5.7: Genital systems [12]
e5.8: Coelom and septa [13]
e5.9: Mesenchymal mesenteric masses [14]
e5.10: Endocrine glands [15]
e5.11: Cardiovascular system [16]
e5.12: Lymphoid system [17]
e5.13: Nervous system [18]
e5.14: Central nervous system [19]
e5.15: Peripheral nervous system [20]
e5.16: Sense organs [21]
e5.17: The integument [22]
e6.0: Extraembryonic and fetal membranes [23]
e7.0: Embryogenesis (-> 13 st) [24]
e7.0: Embryogenesis (14 st ->) [25]
e7.1: Fetogenesis [26]
e7.2: Features of mature neonate [27]
e8.0: Dysmorphia terms [28]

References

^ "IFAA". http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa. Retrieved 2011-05-02.
^ "IFAA History". http://www.ifaa.net/Histry.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
^ prepared by subcommittees of the International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee appointed at the seventh International Congress of Anatomists in New York, 1960, based upon provisional versions approved by the ninth international congress in Leningrad, 1970. (1977). Nomina anatomica: approved by the Tenth International Congress of Anatomists at Tokyo, August 1975, together with Nomina histologica and Nomina embryologica. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica. ISBN 0-444-15259-8.
^ Arráez-aybar; González-Lorrio, F; Marantos-Gamarra, DG; Jiménez-Collado, J (2003). "Cardiac developmental onomatology: the real heart of the matter". Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft 185 (6): 525–33. PMID 14703997. edit

Medical classification

Topographical codes	TA · TH · TE · SNOMED T axis · MeSH A axis

Diagnostic codes	general: ICD-10 · ICD-9 · ICPC-2 · NANDA · Read codes · SNOMED D axis specialized: ICD-O · ICSD · ICHD · ILDS · DSM-IV · BPA

Procedural codes	HCPCS (CPT, Level 2) · ICD-10 PCS · ICD-9-CM Volume 3 · NIC · SNOMED P axis · OPS-301 · Read codes/OPCS-4 · CCAM · ICHI · LOINC

Pharmaceutical codes	ATC · NDC · SNOMED C axis · DIN

Outcomes codes	NOC

Developmental biology > Human embryogenesis (development of embryo) and development of fetus (TE E2.0)

First three
weeks

Week 1

Fertilization · Oocyte activation · Zygote · Cleavage · Morula · Blastula (Blastomere) · Blastocyst · Inner cell mass

Week 2
(Bilaminar)

Hypoblast · Epiblast

Week 3
(Trilaminar)

Germ layers	Archenteron/Primitive streak (Primitive pit, Primitive knot/Blastopore, Primitive groove) · Gastrula/Gastrulation · Regional specification · Embryonic disc

Ectoderm	Surface ectoderm · Neuroectoderm · Somatopleuric mesenchyme · Neurulation · Neural crest

Endoderm	Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme

Mesoderm	Chorda- · Paraxial (Somite/Somitomere) · Intermediate · Lateral plate (Intraembryonic coelom, Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme/Somatopleuric mesenchyme)

M: OBS

phys/devp/memb

mthr/fetu/infc, epon

proc, drug(2A/G2C)

Embryology of bones, joints, and muscles (GA 2.80, TE E5.0-2)

Ossification

Upper limb	Ossification of humerus · Ossification of ulna · Ossification of radius

Lower limb	Ossification of tibia

Head	cranium: Ossification of occipital bone · Ossification of frontal bone · Ossification of temporal bone · Ossification of sphenoid · Ossification of ethmoid facial bones: Ossification of vomer (Sutura vomerina · Foramen vomerinum · Meatus vomerinus · Fissura vomerina) · Ossification of maxilla · Ossification of mandible

Other	Ossification of scapula

Other

Limb development: Limb bud · Apical ectodermal ridge/AER · Zone of polarizing activity

Sclerotome/Myotome

Septum transversum

M: BON/CAR

anat(c/f/k/f, u, t/p, l)/phys/devp/cell

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(M5)

M: JNT

anat(h/c, u, t, l)/phys

noco(arth/defr/back/soft)/cong, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(M01C, M4)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3)

Human development of head and neck (GA 1.65, TE E5.3, 5.4)

Face

Nasal placode · Nasal pit · nasal prominences (Lateral, Medial) · Intermaxillary segment

Frontonasal prominence · Maxillary prominence · Mandibular prominence (Meckel's cartilage)

Oral cavity

Palate	Primary palate · Secondary palate

Tongue	Lateral lingual swelling · Tuberculum impar · Copula linguae · Hypopharyngeal eminence · Gustatory placode

General branchial apparatus	Pharyngeal groove (Cervical sinus) · Pharyngeal arch (1st, 2nd) · Pharyngeal pouch

M: MOU

anat/devp

noco/cofa(c)/cogi/tumr, sysi

proc (peri), drug (A1)

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of digestive system, coelom and septa, and mesenchymal mesenteric masses (GA 11.1101, TE E5.4, 5.8-9)

Gut

Upper GI tract and accessory	Stomodeum Foregut: upper GI (Buccopharyngeal membrane, Rathke's pouch, Tracheoesophageal septum) · accessory (Pancreatic bud, Hepatic diverticulum)

Lower GI tract	Midgut Hindgut: Urorectal septum Proctodeum Cloacal membrane Cloaca

Abdominopelvic

Mesentery	Dorsal mesentery · Ventral mesentery

Thoracic diaphragm	Septum transversum

Other	Intra-embryonic coelom · Extra-embryonic coelom

M: DIG

anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of respiratory system (overview) (GA 11.1071, TE E5.5)

Upper

Nasal placode

Lower

Laryngotracheal groove · Respiratory bud

M: RES

anat(n, x, l, c)/phys/devp

noco(c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(R1/2/3/5/6/7)

Prenatal development/mammalian embryogenesis · Development of the urinary and reproductive organs (GA 11.1204, TE E5.6-7)

Common urinary and
reproductive system

Mesoderm → Intermediate mesoderm

Mesoderm → Lateral plate mesoderm ("LPM")

Endoderm → Cloaca → Urogenital sinus ("US")

Endoderm+Ectoderm → Cloacal membrane

Urinary system
development

Nephrogenic cord → Kidney

Nephrotome → Pronephros · Mesonephros (Mesonephric tubules)

WD → Ureteric bud + Metanephrogenic blastema

US → Urinary bladder + Urethra + Primary urethral groove + Urachus

Reproductive system
development

Primarily internal	Gonadal ridge → Indifferent gonad → Gonadal cord (Cortical cords, Testis cords) Pronephric duct/Wolffian duct/mesonephric duct + Müllerian duct/paramesonephric ducts (Vaginal plate) US → Prostate or Skene's gland

Primarily external	LPM → Genital tubercle → Labioscrotal swelling → Scrotum or Labia majora LPM → Genital tubercle → Primordial phallus → Penis or Clitoris IM → Gubernaculum Peritoneum → Processus vaginalis or Canal of Nuck

Homologues

List of homologues of the human reproductive system

M: URI

anat/phys/devp/cell

noco/acba/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, urte

proc/itvp, drug (G4B), blte, urte

M: ♀ FRS

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/npls, sysi/epon

proc/asst, drug (G1/G2B/G3CD)

M: ♂ MRS

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (G3B/4BE/4C)

Human development of endocrine system (TE 5.10)

Pituitary

Stomodeal ectoderm

Thyroid

Thyroid diverticulum · Thyroglossal duct · Ultimopharyngeal body

M: END

anat/phys/devp/horm

noco(d)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug (A10/H1/H2/H3/H5)

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of circulatory system (GA 5, TE E5.11)

Heart development

Tubular heart	Truncus arteriosus · Bulbus cordis · Embryonic ventricle · Primitive atrium · Sinus venosus

Septa/ostia	Atrioventricular cushions/Septum intermedium · Primary interatrial foramen · Septum primum (Foramen secundum) · Septum secundum (Foramen ovale) · Aorticopulmonary septum

Other	Atrioventricular canal · Primary interventricular foramen

Vasculogenesis,
angiogenesis,
and lymphangiogenesis

Blood island of umbilical vesicle

Development of arteries	Dorsal aorta · Aortic arches

Development of veins	Anterior cardinal vein · Posterior cardinal vein · Common cardinal veins

Development of lymph vessels	Lymph sacs

Development of circulatory system about teeth near children	anuli: Anulus sanguineus perienameleus · lacunae: Lacuna sanguinea supraenamelea (Ductus sanguineus mesialis · Ductus sanguineus distalis · Ductus sanguineus lingualis · Ductus sanguineus palatinus · Ductus sanguineus buccalis · Ductus sanguineus labialis), Lacuna sanguinea apicalis, Lacuna sanguinea periodontalis, Lacuna sanguinea parodontalis, Lacuna sanguinea gingivalis

Extraembryonic
hemangiogenesis

Chorion · Connecting stalk · Yolk sac · Placenta

Fetal circulation

umbilical cord: Umbilical vein → Ductus venosus → Inferior vena cava → Heart → Pulmonary artery → Ductus arteriosus → Aorta → Umbilical artery

yolk sac: Vitelline veins · Vitelline arteries

M: HRT

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (C1A/1B/1C/1D), blte

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

Human development of lymphatic organs (TE 5.12)

Thymus

Endodermal epithelium · Ectodermal epithelium · Pharyngeal thymic bud · Mediastinal thymic bud

Spleen

Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme

Lymph node

Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme · Somatopleuric mesenchyme · Ectomesenchyme

M: LMO

anat(h, u, t, a, l)/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr

proc

Prenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system (GA 9.733 and GA 10.1002, TE E5.13-16)

Neurogenesis

General neural development/ neurulation/neurula	Notochord · Neuroectoderm · Neural plate (Neural fold, Neural groove)

Neural crest	Cranial neural crest (Cardiac neural crest complex) · Truncal neural crest

Neural tube	Rostral neuropore Neuromere/Rhombomere Cephalic flexure · Pontine flexure Alar plate (sensory) · Basal plate (motor) Glioblast · Neuroblast Germinal matrix